By Ben Tavener and David Chkhikvishvili

TBILISI (Reuters) -Police in the ex-Soviet state of Georgia used tear gas and stun grenades early on Wednesday to break up a protest outside Parliament against a draft law on “foreign agents”.

Reuters witnesses in the capital, Tbilisi, saw police with riot shields making arrests along Rustaveli Avenue, the main thoroughfare running through the centre of the city.

Hours earlier police had clashed with demonstrators, some of whom threw petrol bombs and stones. The crowd then gathered outside parliament, where some people pulled aside light metal barriers intended to keep the public away from the building.

In a statement, the interior ministry said people on both sides had been injured in what it called an extremely violent protest. Police would react to violations of the law, it added.

The ministry said 66 people had been detained over the hours-long clashes.

The protests erupted after legislators gave initial backing to the law, which critics say represents an authoritarian shift and could hurt the country’s bid to join the European Union.

Speaking in Berlin earlier on Tuesday, Georgian Prime Minister Giorgi Garibashvili reaffirmed his support for the law, saying the proposed provisions on foreign agents met “European and global standards”.

But European Union foreign policy chief Josep Borrell said the draft law was a “very bad development” for the country and could seriously affect its ties with the EU.

Thousands of people, some waving EU and Ukrainian flags, stood outside Parliament and listened as speakers denounced the law, which would require any organisations receiving more than 20% of their funding from abroad to register as “foreign agents” or face substantial fines.

Critics say it is reminiscent of a 2012 law in Russia that has since been used to crack down on dissent.

President Salome Zourabichvili, who has said she will veto the law it if crosses her desk, said she was on the side of the protesters.

“You represent a free Georgia, a Georgia which sees its future in the West, and won’t let anyone to take this future away,” she said in an address recorded in the United States, where she is on an official visit.

Late on Tuesday night protesters angrily remonstrated with police armed with riot shields who then used tear gas and water cannon. At least three petrol bombs, as well as stones, were thrown at police.

Some shouted “No to the Russian law” and “You are Russian” at politicians inside the legislature.

Russia is viewed as an enemy by many Georgians, after Moscow backed separatists in the breakaway Georgian regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia in the 1990s.

State Department spokesman Ned Price said the United States was deeply concerned and troubled about a law that “would strike at some of the very rights that are central to the aspirations of the people of Georgia”.

Georgia’s opposition parties called for fresh protests on Wednesday, which is a public holiday in Georgia to mark International Women’s Day, with crowds expected to gather outside the parliament from 3 p.m. (1100 GMT).

(Reporting by David Chkhikvishvili, Ben Tavener, Felix Light and Jake Cordell in Tbilisi; Writing by David Ljunggren and Jake Cordell; Editing by Grant McCool and Bradley Perrett)

VATICAN CITY (Reuters) – March 13 marks the 10th anniversary of the election of Pope Francis as head of the nearly 1.38-billion-member Roman Catholic Church. The former Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina was elected as the 266th pope and the first from Latin America.

Here are some statistics about his papacy.

CARDINALS

Francis has named 111 cardinals, the red-hatted “princes of the Church” who are his closest aides at the Vatican and who lead dioceses around the world.

Currently, 123 cardinals are aged under 80 and thus eligible under Church law to enter a conclave to elect a pope after Francis dies or retires. Known as cardinal electors, Francis has appointed 81 of them. The other electors were appointed by his predecessors.

FOREIGN TRIPS

Francis has visited 60 states, clocking up almost 410,000 km (255,000 miles).

He has visited Brazil, Jordan, the Palestinian Territories, Israel, South Korea, Albania, France, Turkey, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, Cuba, the United States, Kenya, Uganda, Central African Republic, Mexico, Greece, Armenia, Poland, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Sweden, Egypt, Portugal, Colombia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Chile, Peru, Switzerland, Ireland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Panama, United Arab Emirates, Morocco, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Romania, Mozambique, Madagascar, Mauritius, Thailand, Japan, Iraq, Hungary, Slovakia, Cyprus, Greece, Malta, Canada, Kazakhstan, Bahrain, Democratic Republic of Congo and South Sudan.

He has made more than 35 trips in Italy, starting with the island of Lampedusa, a landing point for Europe-bound migrants, in July 2013. It was his first foray outside Rome.

He has left the Vatican nearly 150 times for visits and events inside Rome, his diocese.

SAINTS

Francis has created about 900 new saints, including his predecessors John XXIII, John Paul II and Paul IV, as well as Mother Teresa of Calcutta and Salvadoran Archbishop Oscar Romero, who was killed in 1980.

The figure is imprecise as it includes the Martyrs of Otranto, residents of a southern Italian city slain by Ottoman troops in 1480. The Vatican says they numbered about 800.

ENCYCLICALS

An encyclical is the most important form of papal document.

Francis has written three, starting in 2013 with “Lumen Fidei” (Light of Faith) on the importance of Christian faith, partly written by Pope Benedict.

In 2015, he released “Laudato Si” (Praised Be), which called for urgent action on climate change, while 2020’s Fratelli Tutti (Brothers All) tackled the issue of solidarity among people in the post-pandemic world.

(Reporting by Alvise Armellini; Editing by Philip Pullella and Janet Lawrence)

VATICAN CITY (Reuters) – Below are some memorable quotes from Pope Francis, who marks the 10th anniversary of his election as pontiff on March 13. The quotes are arranged according to subjects that have cropped up during his papacy, in chronological order within each theme.

ENVIRONMENT

“The Earth, our home, is beginning to look more and more like an immense pile of filth … The pace of consumption, waste and environmental change has so stretched the planet’s capacity that our contemporary lifestyle, unsustainable as it is, can only precipitate catastrophes.” From his first papal encyclical, a letter to the church, which was dedicated to the environment and published on June 18, 2015.

“A selfish and boundless thirst for power and material prosperity leads both to the misuse of available natural resources and to the exclusion of the weak and disadvantaged,” comments to the United Nations in September 2015

“The ecological crisis and the large-scale destruction of biodiversity can threaten the very existence of the human species.” Also to the United Nations in September 2015.

“God gave us a bountiful garden, but we have turned it into a polluted wasteland of debris, desolation and filth … Climate change is also contributing to the heart-rending refugee crisis. The world’s poor, though least responsible for climate change, are most vulnerable and already suffering its impact,” Sept. 1, 2016, World Day of Prayer for the Care of Creation.

WAR

“War is madness,” the pope said on Sept. 13, 2014, referring to violence seen around the globe.

“Hostility, extremism and violence are not born of a religious heart: they are betrayals of religion,” he said during a visit to Ur, Iraq in March 2021.

“Today, however, we reaffirm our conviction that fraternity is more durable than fratricide, that hope is more powerful than hatred, that peace more powerful than war,” he said during a visit to Mosul, Iraq in March 2021.

“In Ukraine, rivers of blood and tears are flowing. This is not just a military operation but a war which sows death, destruction and misery,” he said his weekly address on March 6, 2022, referring to the Russian invasion of Ukraine that began on Feb. 24, 2022.

“Once more humanity is threatened by a perverse abuse of power and partisan interests which condemns defenceless people to suffer every form of brutal violence,” he said on March 18, 2022.

“It is also true that the Russians thought it would all be over in a week. But they miscalculated. They encountered a brave people, a people who are struggling to survive and who have a history of struggle,” he told a Jesuit journal in June 2022.

“Every day, I carry in my heart dear and martyred Ukraine, which continues to be flagellated by barbarous attacks,” he said in June 2022.

“Generally, the cruellest are perhaps those who are of Russia but are not of the Russian tradition, such as the Chechens, the Buryati and so on. Certainly, the one who invades is the Russian state. This is very clear,” he told a Jesuit magazine in November 2022.

“(The war in Ukraine) is an enormous suffering, enormous. A defeat for humanity,” he said on Dec. 8, 2022.

IMMIGRATION

“We must not be taken aback by their numbers, but rather view them as persons, seeing their faces and listening to their stories,” he told the U.S. Congress in September 2015.

“It is violence to build walls and barriers to stop those who look for a place of peace,” he said in a letter to a Church association in Albania in September 2015.

“It’s hypocrisy to call yourself a Christian and chase away a refugee or someone seeking help, someone who is hungry or thirsty, toss out someone who is in need of my help,” he told a meeting of German faithful at the Vatican in October 2016.

ECONOMY AND CAPITALISM

“The grave financial and economic crises of the present time … have pushed man to seek satisfaction, happiness and security in consumption and earnings out of all proportion to the principles of a sound economy.” Dec. 12, 2013 in a message for World Peace Day.

“Unrestrained (economic) liberalism only makes the strong stronger and the weak weaker and excludes the most excluded,” he told La Repubblica newspaper in October 2013.

“How can it be that it is not a news item when an elderly homeless person dies of exposure, but it is news when the stock market loses two points?” from his Apostolic Exhortation in November 2013.

“It is increasingly intolerable that financial markets are shaping the destiny of people rather than serving their needs, or that the few derive immense wealth from financial speculation while the many are deeply burdened by the consequences,” he told a seminar on ethical investing in the Vatican in June 2014.

LGBTQ+ RIGHTS

“If a person is gay and seeks God and has good will, who am I to judge him?” – July 29, 2013, speaking to journalists on plane returning from Brazil.

“Homosexual people have a right to be in a family. They are children of God and have a right to a family. Nobody should be thrown out or be made miserable over it,” he said in a documentary released in October 2020, calling for same-sex couples to be protected by civil union laws.

Asked what he considered the most important thing for LGBT people to know about God, the pope replied in a letter dated May 2022: “God is Father and he does not disown any of his children. And ‘the style’ of God is ‘closeness, mercy, and tenderness'”.

WOMEN

“I believe that it would be … (less conflictual) in the Curia if there were more women. Some people have said it would lead to more gossiping but I don’t think so,” he told Reuters in June 2018, referring to the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church.

However, he ruled out women becoming priests. “Pope John Paul II was clear and closed the door and I’m not going to go back on that,” he said.

“The struggle for women’s rights is a continuing struggle. We have to continue struggling for this because women are a gift. God did not create man and then give him a lapdog to play with. He created both equal, man and woman. .. A society that is not capable of (allowing women to have greater roles) does not move forward,” he told reporters in November 2022.

“I have noticed that every time a woman is given a position (of responsibility) in the Vatican, things improve,” he added.

ABORTION, CONTRACEPTION

“Is it legitimate, is it right, to eliminate a human life to resolve a problem? It’s a human life — that’s science. The moral question is whether it is right to take a human life to solve a problem. Indeed, is it right to hire a hit man to solve a problem?” he told Reuters in July 2022.

“Some think, excuse me if I use the word, that in order to be good Catholics, we have to be like rabbits, but no,” he said during a flight home from the Philippines on Jan. 19 2015, adding the Church promoted “responsible parenthood”.

CLERGY SEX ABUSE

“I feel compelled to personally take on all the evil that some priests – quite a few in number, (although) obviously not compared to the number of all priests – to personally ask for forgiveness for the damage they have done for having sexually abused children,” he said in unscripted comments originally in Spanish, to the International Catholic Child Bureau on April 11, 2014.

“Sexual abuse is such an ugly crime … because a priest who does this betrays the body of the Lord. It is like a satanic Mass,” Francis said on May 27, 2014, on a plane returning from a trip to the Middle East.

“Before God and his people I express my sorrow for the sins and grave crimes of clerical sexual abuse committed against you. And I humbly ask forgiveness.” A July 7, 2014 homily at the Vatican, addressing to six victims of abuse.

“We have to fight against every single case … As a priest, I have to help people grow and save them. If I abuse, I kill them. This is terrible. Zero tolerance,” he told Reuters in July 2022.

ON CLERICS AND THE CHURCH

“Oh, how I would like a poor Church, and for the poor,” he said in March 2013.

“I prefer a Church which is bruised, hurting and dirty because it has been out on the streets, rather than a Church which is unhealthy from being confined and from clinging to its own security,” he said in a November 2013 document, setting out his papacy.

“Men and women of the Church who are careerists, social climbers, who use the people, the Church, brothers and sisters – those they should serve – as a springboard for their own ambitions and personal interest do great damage to the Church.” he told a gathering of superiors general of orders of nuns from around the world on May 8, 2013.

“The hypocrisy of those consecrated men and women who profess vows of poverty, yet live like the rich, wounds the souls of the faithful and harms the church.” In South Korea, Aug. 16, 2014.

“The Curia needs to change, to improve … a Curia that does not criticize itself, that does not bring itself up to date, that does not try to improve, is a sick body,” he said in December 2014, denouncing those who “let themselves be corrupted by ambition and vainglory.”

“Reforming Rome is like cleaning the Sphinx of Egypt with a toothbrush,” he said in December 2017.

MAFIA

Francis branded Italy’s largest organised crime group, the ‘Ndrangheta, “the adoration of evil and the contempt of the common good” in impromptu comments at a mass in Sibari, southern Italy on June 21, 2014.

“Those who in their lives follow this path of evil, as Mafiosi do, are not in communion with God. They are excommunicated,” he said on the same occasion.

CHINA

“… the Chinese deserve the Nobel Prize for patience, because they are good people, they know how to wait, time is theirs and they have centuries of culture. They are a wise people, very wise. I respect China very much,” he told Reuters an interview in June 2018.

“Diplomacy is the art of the possible and of doing things to make the possible become a reality,” he told Reuters in July, 2022, discussing the Vatican’s secret and contested 2018 agreement with China.

“I am always ready to go to China,” in Kazakhstan, September 2022.

DRUGS

“Drug addiction is an evil, and with evil there can be no yielding or compromise,” he told a drug enforcement conference in Rome on June 20, 2014.

CELEBRITY

On a plane returning from South Korea on Aug. 18, 2014, Francis said he learned how to handle his global fame by thinking of his “sins and mistakes” and mortality.

He added: “This will last a short time, two or three years, and then we go to the house of the father,” before making a chopping gesture and a whistling sound.

“To depict the pope as a sort of superman, a sort of star, seems offensive to me. The pope is a man who laughs, cries, sleeps tranquilly and has friends like everyone else, a normal person.” – March 5, 2014 in interview with Italian newspaper.

SCIENCE

“The ‘Big Bang’ that today is considered to be the origin of the world, does not contradict the creative intervention of God, on the contrary it requires it. Evolution in nature is not in contrast with the notion of (divine) creation because evolution requires the creation of the beings that evolve,” he told the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in October 2014.

“When we read in Genesis the account of creation (we are) in danger of imagining that God was a magician, complete with a magic wand that can do all things. But he is not.”

(Reporting by Crispian Balmer; Editing by Frances Kerry)

BEIJING/TAIPEI (Reuters) -China said on Wednesday it was “seriously concerned” by Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen’s “transit” plans and had asked Washington for clarification, amid reports she will meet U.S. House Speaker Kevin McCarthy in the United States.

McCarthy plans to meet Tsai in the United States in coming weeks, two sources told Reuters on Monday. That could be instead of the Republican Speaker’s anticipated but sensitive trip to the democratically governed island claimed by China.

McCarthy on Tuesday confirmed plans to meet Tsai in the United States this year and stressed this did not preclude a later visit to Taiwan, Bloomberg news agency reported.

Taiwanese presidents, including Tsai, have a record of travelling through the U.S. en route to other countries, usually for a day or two, though the U.S. government has generally avoided meeting senior Taiwanese officials in Washington.

Taiwan’s presidential office, in a brief statement responding to what it said were media enquiries about Tsai’s overseas visits, said “transit arrangements” had been in place for many years, though it did not directly mention the United States.

“At present, various departments are communicating and preparing for relevant plans, and the planning of the related itinerary will be explained in a timely manner after the plan is finalised,” it added, without elaborating.

Speaking in Beijing, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said they were “seriously concerned about the news”.

“We have lodged solemn representations with the U.S. side and asked them to clarify,” she added.

China is firmly opposed to any form of official exchanges between the United States and Taiwan, she said, adding: “No one should underestimate the strong determination of the Chinese government and people to safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity.”

“The real threat to peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait is the separatist forces of Taiwan independence,” Mao said.

China has rebuffed calls for talks from Tsai since she took office in 2016, believing her to be a separatist.

China has never ruled out using force to bring Taiwan under its control. Taiwan’s government says the People’s Republic of China has never ruled the island and so has no right to claim it, and that only its 23 million people can decide their future.

Taiwan is a constant source of friction between Beijing and Washington. China’s foreign minister said on Tuesday Taiwan was the “first red line” that must not be crossed in Sino-U.S. relations.

China staged military exercises around Taiwan in August following a visit to Taipei by then-U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi.

The United States has no formal diplomatic relations with Taiwan but is bound by law to provide the island with the means to defend itself.

(Reporting by Liz Lee and Ben Blanchard; Additional reporting by Yimou Lee in Taipei; Editing by Muralikumar Anantharaman, Robert Birsel & Shri Navaratnam)

(Reuters) – Intelligence reviewed by U.S. officials indicates that a pro-Ukrainian group was behind last year’s attacks on the Nord Stream natural gas pipelines, but there was no evidence of the Kyiv government’s involvement, the New York Times reported.

FIGHTING

* Russia’s Wagner group of mercenaries has taken full control of the eastern part of town of Bakhmut, Wagner founder Yevgeny Prigozhin said on Wednesday.

* Russian forces made more than 30 unsuccessful attacks over the past day near Orikhovo-Vasylivka alone, 20 km (12 miles) northwest of Bakhmut, the General Staff of the Ukraine’s Armed Forces said in a statement on Wednesday.

* Russian losses in Bakhmut are between five and eight times greater than Ukraine’s, military expert Pavlo Narozhniy told Ukrainian NV Radio.

* Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu said the seizure of Bakhmut would allow Moscow’s forces to mount further offensive operations deeper inside Ukraine. Kyiv has vowed to keep defending the town.

Reuters could not independently verify battlefield reports.

INSIDE RUSSIA

* A Russian opposition activist who used social media to condemn Moscow’s war in Ukraine received an eight-and-a-half year jail sentence on Tuesday after a Moscow court found him guilty of spreading false information about the army.

ECONOMY/DIPLOMACY

* U.S.-led international sanctions on Russia have begun to erode the dollar’s decades-old dominance of international oil trade as most deals with India – Russia’s top outlet for seaborne crude – have been settled in other currencies.

* Media reports on the Nord Stream pipelines attacks are a coordinated effort to divert attention and the Kremlin is perplexed how U.S. officials can assume anything about the attacks without investigation, the Kremlin said.

* U.S. President Joe Biden on Tuesday spoke with French President Emmanuel Macron and discussed Russia’s invasion and challenges posed by China, the White House said.

* Responding to Chinese foreign minister’s remark that the Ukraine crisis seemed to be driven by an “invisible hand”, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said “this is not an invisible hand, this is the hand of the United States of America.”

* President Vladimir Putin issued special thanks to female military personnel, saying their courage amazes even the “most hardened fighters”, in a message to mark International Women’s Day on March 8, a public holiday in the country.

* Ukraine has broadened a request for controversial cluster bombs from the United States to include a weapon that it wants to cannibalize to drop the anti-armourbomblets it contains on Russian forces from drones, according to two U.S. lawmakers.

STORIES ABOUT THE FIRST ANNIVERSARY SINCE THE WAR BEGAN

* TIMELINE – Major developments since Russia’s invasion

* Ukraine’s Zelenskiy has defied Putin against the odds

* Putin, secure in power, has set the stage for long war

* A year on, Ukraine and its government have not just survived. They’ve fought back

* Toughened by war’s scars, Kyiv presses on

* Graphics of a year of war and the financial markets

* Russian economy holds up but road back to prosperity may be long

* Moscow’s decades-old gas ties with Europe lie in ruins

* Top brands pull out of Russia, but goods easy to find

* Can U.S. support for Ukraine last?

* External backers pour billions into Ukraine

* How has China stood by ‘no limits’ partner Russia?

* Life and death in Mariupol – a survivor’s tale of war

* Family mourns Bucha victim who became symbol of war

(Compiled by Reuters editors)

(Compiled by Reuters editors)

By Rod Nickel and Pavel Polityuk

KYIV (Reuters) – Facing fields full of mines and short of cash, many Ukrainian farmers are likely to sow a smaller area this spring than they did following Russia’s invasion, in what could be a further blow to global food supplies after disruptions last year.

Ukraine is a major supplier of wheat and corn to world markets and production and exports slumped last year due to the war, sending prices for key commodities sharply higher before stabilising.

With farmers hurting from soaring costs including fertiliser, Ukraine’s export capacity severely limited because of Russia’s occupation of some areas and unexploded ordnance near former frontlines, supply could be squeezed further.

The farmers, who began planting the country’s spring crop last week, also earn less than before as buyers factor in the war’s higher logistic costs and risks, giving them little incentive to maximize output. Ukraine can ship from just three Black Sea ports running at half capacity under an international shipping deal.

“Almost all crops are making a loss at the moment,” said Dmitry Skornyakov, CEO of HarvEast, a large agricultural producer.

Agricultural companies, which plant most of Ukraine’s fields, are short 40 billion hryvnia ($1.08 billion) to carry out spring work, the Agrarian Council said. The country’s spring-planted crops mostly include corn, oilseeds and vegetables.

Denys Marchuk, deputy chair of the Ukrainian Agrarian Council, the biggest farmer organization, expects plantings of corn, a fertilizer-intensive crop, to plummet 20% from last year, which itself saw a 27% decrease in harvested area.

Overall, the government expects spring plantings to fall only 5% from last year, underlining a more sanguine official assessment of potential losses.

The smaller spring crop would come as Ukraine’s harvest of wheat grown over winter is expected to fall sharply, although not enough to spur export curbs.

“Of course it’s not paradise. The situation is still challenging,” Ukraine’s first deputy farm minister, Taras Vysotskiy, told Reuters.

Farmers are likely to prioritize cheaper-to-grow sunflower, said Mike Lee, director of Green Square Agro Consulting. Grains have traditionally dominated Ukraine’s fields, but lower-cost and higher-priced oilseeds are gaining popularity during war.  

Ukraine was the world’s fourth-largest corn exporter before Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022 and the biggest sunflower oil exporter.

Farmers in top exporter United States plan to boost corn plantings, possibly cushioning the blow of lower Ukrainian production.

Ukrainians will also likely plant less potato, a Ukrainian diet staple, due to poor profit potential, said Mykola Hordiichuk, managing director of Agrico Ukraine, a farming operation. That may result in a shortage of retail-quality potatoes, increasing prices for Ukrainian consumers later in the year, he added.

One optimistic sign: Ukraine agricultural scientists said soil moisture reserves looked ample, helpful for germinating crops.

DANGER IN FIELDS

Mines are a growing occupational hazard. On Monday, two farm workers died in separate mine explosions working fields in the southern Kherson and Mykolaiv regions, authorities said.

Vasyl Shtendera, 49, who farms in a Kherson area recaptured by Ukraine last year, doubts he will plant crops this spring.

His fields are mined, some equipment was destroyed and fertilizer is too expensive, he said.

“I have no moral right to send workers to fields as it is dangerous for life,” he said, adding that there is no demining work happening there.

Companies lacking demining certification are charging farmers up to $3,000 per hectare to clear fields, Ukrainian media reported on Tuesday.

Some Ukrainian officials estimate that all land in areas of hostility is mined, totalling some 10 million hectares (24.7 million acres) or nearly one-third of arable land. Vysotskiy, however estimated that the mined arable area may be just 2.5 million hectares, with only 500,000 hectares that will be impossible to use this spring.

The ministry is aiming to clear up to 800,000 hectares of farmland in time for planting, Vysotskiy said.

Michael Tirre, Europe program manager for the U.S. State Department’s Office of Weapons Removal, which funds Ukrainian demining, said he is seeing impatient farmers trying to clear their own mines, something that gives him “goosebumps”.

“It is a sad reality because there just aren’t enough demining teams to go around.”

Farmer Oleksandr Klepach has cleared dozens of shells around his Mykolaiv region farm himself, taking advice from demining experts and Internet videos.

Coming up with a money-making plan is equally challenging. Fertiliser and transportation costs have doubled, but he intends to sow sunflower and peas on land that turned to weeds during occupation.

“I think it will be problematic to make a profit,” he said.

($1 = 36.9070 hryvnias)

(Reporting by Rod Nickel and Pavel Polityuk in Kyiv; Editing by Mike Collett-White and Emelia Sithole-Matarise)