New York, NY – A federal judge in Manhattan has denied the National Football League’s bid to force former coaches Brian Flores, Steve Wilks, and Ray Horton into private arbitration, ruling that their racial discrimination claims will instead be heard in open court.
U.S. District Judge Valerie Caproni of the Southern District of New York issued the decision on Thursday, rejecting the league’s latest attempt to steer the case out of federal jurisdiction. The ruling follows years of procedural battles over whether the claims—filed under 42 U.S.C. § 1981 and various state civil rights laws—should be resolved by an arbitrator appointed by the NFL Commissioner.
The coaches accuse the NFL and multiple teams, including the New York Giants, Miami Dolphins, Denver Broncos, Houston Texans, Arizona Cardinals, and Tennessee Titans, of systemic racial discrimination in hiring and retaliation. The case, filed in 2022, has been largely stalled while the league sought to enforce arbitration provisions contained in the coaches’ employment contracts.
Judge Caproni’s order formally denied the NFL’s motion to compel arbitration, clearing the way for the high-profile lawsuit to proceed in federal court. “All of the claims of Plaintiffs Brian Flores, Steve Wilks, and Ray Horton against the NFL and various member teams may now proceed in this Court,” the judge wrote.
Four-year fight over arbitration ends in defeat for the league
Each of the coaches’ contracts contained varying arbitration clauses requiring disputes to be heard under the NFL Dispute Resolution Procedural Guidelines, overseen by the Commissioner himself. Flores and Wilks’s agreements incorporated those guidelines explicitly, while Horton’s did not. The court found that compelling arbitration under the Commissioner’s authority would create an appearance of bias and deprive the plaintiffs of a fair forum.
The case had previously traveled to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, which ruled partially in the coaches’ favor and returned several issues to Judge Caproni for reconsideration. After reviewing the contracts again, the court concluded that arbitration was inappropriate for all three plaintiffs.
- Judge Caproni denied the NFL’s motion to compel arbitration
- Discrimination claims by Flores, Wilks, and Horton will proceed in court
- The ruling allows discovery and trial preparation to begin in federal court
The decision marks a significant turning point in the coaches’ class-action lawsuit, which has drawn national attention for its allegations that minority candidates face systemic barriers to advancement in professional football. With arbitration off the table, the case now moves toward discovery and, potentially, a public trial that could expose how hiring decisions are made within the league.
Judge Caproni’s ruling signals that, after four years of procedural wrangling, the coaches’ discrimination claims will finally be heard before a jury rather than behind closed doors.